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What is Depression?

| Aug 14, 2024 | Depression | 0 comments

Understanding Depression and Medication Treatment Approaches. You are not alone.

At CopeWell Psychiatry & Wellness we specialize in the treatment of depression.

Depression is a common mood disorder that is characterized lasting feelings of sadness and disinterest, hindering the ability to engage in activities that were once enjoyed. These persistent feelings negatively affect and change the way a person thinks, feels, and behaves. The following are some of the common types of depression:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most commonly diagnosed form of depression. Major depression differs from regular depression in terms of severity and duration. While regular depression may have milder symptoms and last for a shorter period of time, Major Depressive Disorder is characterized a severe and persistent low mood. These feelings usually affect most areas of life, such as work, school, and relationships with others. It is crucial to recognize the distinction between the two, and consulting with a mental health professional can provide clarity and ensure appropriate care.                         
  • Postpartum Depression is a form of depression that occurs after a mother gives birth, as the name suggests, leading to an influx of varying emotions. This form of depression usually begins after the birth and can last for weeks or months following birth. Mood swings, anxiety, and physical changes can occur due to this. Postpartum Depression can
    become long-term or even turn into an ongoing form of a depressive disorder.                            
  • Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), also known as dysthymia is a long-term type of depression that is less severe but persists for a greater period of time. Symptoms are similar to MDD but generally less intense. Feelings of sadness and sometimes emptiness are continuous, and there may be episodes of major depressive disorder during this time.     
  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (the week or two before menstruation begins) and improves once menstruation starts. Besides feeling depressed and overwhelmed, symptoms may also include severe irritability, mood swings, anxiety, and physical symptoms like fatigue and changes in sleep or appetite.

Some other types of depression include:

  • Bipolar disorder
  • Cyclothymic disorder
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder
  • Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
  • Atypical Depression
  • Treatment-Resistant Depression

Symptoms

Depression symptoms may vary based on the type and severity of the mood disorder. General symptoms include:

  • Lasting feelings of sadness or emptiness

  • Feelings of hopelessness or emptiness

  • Loss of interest in most activities, including sex, sports, hobbies, and work

  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

  • Decrease in appetite 

  • Sleep disturbances — either insomnia or oversleeping

  • Weight changes — either loss of weight or weight gain

  • Trouble concentrating

Unexplained physical problems may also be a sign of depression, such as headache and back pain. Suicidal thoughts are also a sign of depression and require immediate care.

Treatment
Medications and psychotherapy are effective for most people with depression. Through a psychiatric evaluation, a healthcare provider can better understand and assess your symptoms and medical history. Antidepressants are usually prescribed to treat depressive disorders, in addition to psychotherapy.

Types of Antidepressants
Some common antidepressant classifications include:

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and  serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): SSRIs work inhibiting the reabsorption of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that promotes lasting feelings of happiness, leading to increased serotonin levels and activity in the brain.

  • SNRIs work similarly, except these medications prevent the reabsorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine, a different neurotransmitter linked to mental focus and mood regulation, in addition to serotonin.

  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): TCAs are another class of antidepressants that help manage and treat symptoms of depression. They block the reuptake of the mood-regulating neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin, leading to an increase in their activity. TCAs often show more significant side effects than other antidepressants, such as SSRIs, and may be prescribed less often or be more effective for certain people.

  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)**: MAOIs are a specific, more potent class of antidepressants, as they were the first antidepressants to be invented. Although highly effective, they are prescribed less often due to the side effects and diet restrictions associated with them. These medications work preventing the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), which removes serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain, leading to an increase in the levels of these neurotransmitters, making them more readily available.

How Antidepressants Work
Depression is often associated with an imbalance of neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and norepinephrine. Antidepressants work increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which helps to regulate mood, alleviate feelings of sadness, and reduce anxiety. Antidepressants are one type of depression treatment. While they can treat symptoms of depression, they do not always address its causes. This is why healthcare providers often recommend psychotherapy in addition to antidepressants to treat depression.

Side Effects
Like any medication, antidepressants come with potential side effects. The side effects can vary depending on the type of medication and the individual. Common side effects include:

  • Nausea

  • Insomnia

  • Headache

  • Weight gain

  • Sexual side effects

  • Dry mouth

  • Fatigue

It’s important to understand that not everyone will experience these side effects, and some people may have none at all. If these effects are (or become) unpleasant, let your provider know as soon as possible. Your healthcare provider can help you manage side effects and explore alternative
medications if necessary.

Consideration Before Using Antidepressants
Before starting an antidepressant, there are important considerations to ensure they are used safely and effectively:

  • Consult a Healthcare Provider: Always discuss medication options with a mental
    health professional who can assess your specific needs.

  • Medication Trial Period: Antidepressants may take several weeks to start working.
    Patience is key during this period.

  • Monitoring: Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor
    progress and potential side effects.

  • Long-Term Use: Some individuals may need to take antidepressants for an extended
    period, while others might use them temporarily.

Schedule an Appointment
If you believe you or someone you know could be experiencing symptoms of depression, contact your healthcare provider or mental health professional. Depression is a real medical issue, not a personal weakness, that deserves intervention.  Antidepressants can help stabilize your mood and improve your overall well-being. Remember that medication is just one aspect of treatment; therapy, self-help strategies, and lifestyle changes also play vital roles. If you’re considering treatment for depression, discuss your options with a healthcare provider who can guide you toward the best treatment plan for your unique situation. CopeWell Psychiatry & Wellness provides easily accessible telehealth services designed to help you craft a unique treatment plan with the support of a caring mental health provider. Schedule an appointment with Dr. Udo Chukwuocha today to begin your journey to wellness.